When coding for a long time in a black-on-white editor, I always get problems with unfocused and sleepy eyes. Going white-on-black helps keeping my eyes focused, however reading the code is not as convenient as black-on-white (see blog.tatham.oddie.com.au for possible explanations). An alternative is to go for black-on-light-gray, which seems to be a good balance for me. My eyes are less sleepy and I can still read code pretty well. To further reduce the glare in my Eclipse, I use a white-on-black theme for the non-editor parts. This is how it looks:

Create this look in your eclipse following these steps:
- Install the DarkJuno theme for a full Eclipse makeover (works with Eclipse 4).
- Install the Eclipse Color Theme plug-in.
- Download and unzip eclipse-white-on-gray (based on Coding Horror v2 with the background modified to be a darker gray and other minor color adjustments).
- Import the unzipped color theme into Eclipse.